Iberia: Castro Verde 16-20 April

Day 7 16.04.2017

Having had an insanely busy day yesterday, on our day off, it was nice to get back into the routine here. The area we went to was possibly the best area of Steppe in Castro Verde and it showed. At one point I had a field with over 50 Great Bustards and 50 Black-bellied Sandgrouse in. An incredible sight! A pair of Iberian Grey Shrike near the reserve entrance was a highlight, as the birds were more approachable than I’m used to with Grey Shrikes. I also had a Spanish Terrapin, which was unexpected for the size of the pool I found it in. After the morning we took the rest of the day off, as a result of the backlog of work as well as an extended morning in the field.

-Iberian Grey Shrike

-Great Bustards

-Iberian Marbled White

Species List:

Castro Verde: Woodpigeon, Iberian Grey Shrike, Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Great Bustard, Little Bustard, Corn Bunting, Zitting Cisticola, House Sparrow, Spanish Sparrow, Spotless Starling, Red-rumped Swallow, Marsh Harrier, Montagu’s Harrier, Red Kite, Black Kite, Lesser Kestrel, White Stork, Grey Heron, Cattle Egret, European Bee-eater, Hoopoe, Jackdaw, Feral Pigeon, Collard Dove, Common Buzzard, Common Swift, Calandra Lark, Crested Lark, Red-legged Partridge, Stonechat, Gadwall, Goldfinch, Spanish Terrapin, Small Copper, Small Heath, Clouded Yellow, Green-striped White, Common Blue, Meadow Brown,

Day 8 17.04.2017

A much quieter morning than yesterday to be sure! Far less bustards but still quite a few Black-bellied Sandgrouse and more Montagu’s Harriers made up for it. There were also plenty of Bee-eaters in the few bushes in my transect. I did get a butterfly lifer and a dragonfly trip tick to make up for it. The butterfly I identified in the field as a grizzled skipper but after looking in the book is in fact a Red Underwing Skipper, based on the line of small white spots along the outer edge of the wing. The dragonfly was Red-veined Darter, with two females found in the grass. In the evening we went back out to this area, but my transect included some more scrubby vegetation. In hindsight I life-ticked Thekla Lark at this point, but it wasn’t until I saw more the next day that I was confident of my identification. I also had a few Woodchat Shrikes and more Montagu’s Harriers. After the transect we went with Bruno, our Portuguese birder, to look for Scops Owl. We had some success with the owl, as two or three could be heard calling and we got brief views of at least one individual. The wooded valley where they were was a fantastic location, with Nightingales and Cettis Warbler both in full song from the bushes, as well as our first trip Crag Martins flying over and under us at the road bridge. A great way to spend an evening!

-Red-underwing Skipper

-Black-eared Wheatear

-Montagu's Harrier

-Large Psammodromus

Species List:

Castro Verde: Montagu’s Harrier, Common Buzzard, Lesser Kestrel, Black Kite, White Stork, Grey Heron, Cattle Egret, Great Bustard, Little Bustard, Mallard Gadwall, Calandra Lark, Crested Lark, Short-toed Lark, Corn Bunting, European Bee-eater, Hoopoe, Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Magpie, House Sparrow, Spotless Starling, Collard Dove, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Zitting Cisticola, Thekla Lark, Woodchat Shrike, Red-legged Partridge, Cettis Warbler, Nightingale, European Scops Owl, Crag Martin, Iberian Hare, European Rabbit, Red-veined Darter, Iberian Blue-tailed Damselfly, Painted Lady, Common Blue, Red Underwing Skipper, Green-striped White, Iberian Marbled White, Small Copper,

Day 9 18.04.2017

Today we travelled further south to an area of habitat that was far more scrubby. Here I continued to cock up my Crested/Thekla Larks, but by the end of the morning I had seen a number of larks that were obviously Thekla. Short-toed Larks also put on a good show here. I heard two Golden Oriole but sadly could not see them, and on the subject of Portugal ticks I also had my first Dartford Warbler and Common Cuckoo of the trip. On the drive back we also added Black Stork and had more encounters with Azure-winged Magpie. On our now daily trip to the Intermarche got us a few Pallid Swift flying over. In the evening we went out to try and photograph Dartford Warbler. We saw the birds but an increase in wind meant they were not sitting up and as a result views were quite restricted.

-Thekla Lark 

-Short-toed Lark

-Black Stork

Species List:

Castro Verde: Montagu’s Harrier, Common Buzzard, Lesser Kestrel, Black Kite, White Stork, Cattle Egret, Great Bustard, Little Bustard, Mallard, Calandra Lark, Crested Lark, Short-toed Lark, Corn Bunting, European Bee-eater, Hoopoe, Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Magpie, House Sparrow, Spotless Starling, Collard Dove, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Zitting Cisticola, Thekla Lark, Woodchat Shrike, Red-legged Partridge, Pallid Swift, Dartford Warbler, Blue Tit, Common Cuckoo, Great Spotted Cuckoo, Azure-winged Magpie, Black Stork, Iberian Hare, European Rabbit, Red-veined Darter, Iberian Blue-tailed Damselfly, Painted Lady, Common Blue, Red Underwing Skipper, Green-striped White, Iberian Marbled White, Small Copper,

Day 10 19.04.2017

As we continued our surveys we found ourselves working further and further away from Castro Verde itself. Today we worked in a private reserve half an hour’s drive north. The change in scenery provided a few new birds, including BLACK WINGED KITE!!! What a bird, seriously! So exciting to have to birds hunting over us whilst we did our survey! In addition to the Kites there was not much, another Golden Oriole singing, plus our first Woodlark of the trip singing. I had an exciting encounter with a Western Montpellier Snake. I almost trod on a rather large individual, which responded with a naturally aggressive hissing tone. It then proceeded to rear up and slither in my general direction. Appreciating the snake’s discomfort I backed off, upon which it turned around and slithered under a rock. A pretty mental experience to say the least! We also got to look in the nest of a Lesser Kestrel thanks to the park ranger, and had plenty of Iberian Grey Shrikes. Due to strong wind we did not go out in the afternoon. I had a look at the pond near the centre but the best I managed was a Greenshank. We heard reports of a possible aquatic warbler just up the road so went to have a look. No joy but did get a cracking Great Reed Warbler which was more than enough compensation. There were a few Odonata species here, including our first Southern Damselfly of the trip.

-Black-winged Kite

-Western Montpelier Snake

-Red-veined Darter

Species List:

Castro Verde: Montagu’s Harrier, Common Buzzard, Lesser Kestrel, Black Kite, White Stork, Cattle Egret, Little Bustard, Mallard, Calandra Lark, Crested Lark, Short-toed Lark, Corn Bunting, European Bee-eater, Hoopoe, Magpie, House Sparrow, Spotless Starling, Collard Dove, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Zitting Cisticola, Red-legged Partridge, Black-winged Kite, Quail, Stonechat, Iberian Grey Shrike, Greenfinch, Great Reed Warbler, Spoonbill, Little Egret, Black-winged Stilt, Little Ringed Plover, Common Sandpiper, Coot, Great Crested Grebe, Little Grebe, Gadwall, Iberian Hare, European Rabbit, Red-veined Darter, Black-tailed Skimmer, Iberian Blue-tailed Damselfly, Southern Damselfly, Painted Lady, Green-striped White, Iberian Marbled White, Small Copper, Western Montpellier Snake, 

Day 11 20.04.2017

For our last day in Castro Verde we headed north again, but to an area with much poorer habitat than any we had experienced so far. It was also extremely windy. As a result I only saw 1 Great Bustard and 1 Little Bustard, although more of the latter were heard. I actually saw my first Woodlark of the trip, as well as getting more views of Azure-winged Magpie and another Black-winged Kite, as well as a Black Kite showing well. Overall though the birding was much poorer. After lunch we wrapped up our time in Castro Verde and headed north. 

-Azure-winged Magpie

-Red-rumped Swallow

Species List:

Castro Verde: Montagu’s Harrier, Common Buzzard, Lesser Kestrel, Black Kite, White Stork, Cattle Egret, Little Bustard, Mallard, Calandra Lark, Crested Lark, Short-toed Lark, Corn Bunting, European Bee-eater, Hoopoe, House Sparrow, Spotless Starling, Collard Dove, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Zitting Cisticola, Red-legged Partridge, Black-winged Kite, Iberian Grey Shrike, European Roller, Stonechat, Azure-winged Magpie, Small Copper

Iberia: Algarve 15 April

Today was our first ‘day off’, but involved getting up even earlier than usual. This was in order to make good time for our birding trip to the Algarve. There were a few birds that we wanted to twitch, plus some good birding to be had.

Our first port of call was the town of Tavira. We were here for early morning and immediately had some success (I felt, having not birded much of Europe) as Sardinian Warblers were abundant, as were many wader species; Avocet, Whimbrel, Kentish Plover and Curlew Sandpiper. We here had our first Northern Wheatear of the trip (Obviously a trip highlight), and I ‘ticked’ Common Waxbill and Iberian Yellow Wagtail. The latter was a cracking little bird, the Spanish race of Yellow Wagtail, and one of the highlights of the whole day. Better views of Serin and Red-rumped Swallow were also afforded here.

-Red-rumped Swallow

-Serin

-Sardinian Warbler

-Iberian Yellow Wagtail

-Common Waxbill

Next we headed south to the Ria Formosa Headquarters. This was a cracking reserve. Its habitat was extremely similar to the Dorset heath, with open coniferous woodland in sandy soil with a few small areas of mudflat and open water. Azure-winged Magpie were very common in the park, affording great views but somehow always against the light for photos. Besides them the birding consisted of species we were familiar with now from across Portugal, although we did get a number of new additions to our Portugal species list; Pochard, Shelduck and Purple Heron. The real highlights were seeing two of my most wanted species for the whole trip, although sadly not birds. The first was Spanish Festoon butterfly. We saw 2 of these fantastic insects in total, really stunning. The next was European Pond Terrapin, my most wanted reptile. I was surprised to learn that there are two species of native terrapin, European Pond and Iberian Pond, plus the invasive Red-eared Slider. We saw all three here and at other sites later in the day.

-Spanish Festoon

At the headquarters we met up with a couple of Portuguese birders that we had met earlier in the week. Acting as our guides, they helped us no end with saving time traveling, plus giving us information on birds to expect through the next few weeks. Our first stop was Quinto Do Lago, an estuarine/wooded area next to a golf course. The area itself was the most affluent area of Portugal, with Cristiano Ronaldo’s house now added to my house list. The main attraction was a small pool on the edge of the course. A little crake had been seen here but we failed to connect. Purple Swamphen was common here, and quite approachable too apparently though we didn’t try particularly hard. Birding here was nice; Azure-winged Magpie was still extremely common, and we added both Common Snipe and Common Sandpiper to our trip list. Little Bittern was occasionally seen flying across the reedbeds, and we had our second Category C of the day; Black-headed Weaver. One of my most wanted birds of the day was Audouins Gull. We had a single fly over us here, but just up the coast we connected with plenty more. Terrapins were also common here, all three species, and our first dragonflies of the trip; Violet Dropwing and Emperor. Iberian Bluetail was also present.

-Purple Swamphen & Red-eared Slider

-European Pond Terrapin

-Violet Dropwing

-Spanish Terrapin

-Black-headed Weaver

Audouin's Gull

Once we moved on from the Audouins Site we made our move to Silves to hopefully see the sora there. We failed, but possibly as a result of the tides. Realising our efforts here were in vain, we chose to move on after less than an hour. However we did see a few bits here; Grey Wagtail and very excitingly a couple of Moorish Gecko.

-Moorish Gecko

Second on our twitching extravaganza was the harbour in Portimao. Here an American Herring Gull had been identified by one of the top gullers in Europe. Unfortunately nobody in our company knew why. This presented a problem. Our Portuguese friends pointed out the bird, but due to confusion earlier in the week with a Yellow-legged Gull (Which were abundant), we are still a little unsure if we have in fact seen the correct bird. It certainly looks like it, but we await confirmation. The other gulls present were crimes against nature. The state of these birds was something else. It was a horror show to say the least.

-American Herring Gull (?)

Moving quickly on from the gull nightmare we headed to Lagoa dos Salgados, for the far more straightforward drake Ring-necked Duck. Being one of my most dipped species I was not overly optimistic but picked up the bird as soon as we were on site. The supporting cast was really nice too, I only got brief views of Collard Pratincole, but Iberian Yellow Wagtail, Pintail and more Audouins Gull all showed well. We also did a little Seawatching. It was pretty barren out at sea, but Great Skua and Balearic Shearwater livened things up. Our Portuguese friend was extremely pleased when I picked up a Razorbill, not a common bird in these parts.

-Ring-necked Duck

We made another stop for the sora before dark but it was not to be. Regardless it was an outstanding day. I got five lifers (Waxbill, Weaver, Audouins, Ring-necked Duck & American Herring Gull), and saw a host of other awesome species. A really nice day out! Massive thanks to Bruno for all his help with finding sites and birds.

Species List:

Tavira: Azure-winged Magpie, Jay, Feral Pigeon, Blue Tit, Serin, Grey Plover, Turnstone, Dunlin, Curlew Sandpiper, Avocet, Red-rumped Swallow, Whimbrel, Little Tern, Kentish Plover, Redshank, Siskin, Oystercatcher, Common Waxbill, Iberian Yellow Wagtail, Northern Gannet, Zitting Cisticola, Sardinian Warbler, Sandwich Tern, Common Swift, House Martin, Barn Swallow, Yellow-legged Gull, Blackbird, European Bee-eater, Hoopoe, Collard Dove, Mallard, Spotless Starling, Northern  Wheatear, Greater Flamingo, Brown Rat

Ria Formosa Headquarters: Pochard, Little Grebe, Purple Heron, Shelduck, Azure-winged Magpie, Hoopoe, Bee-eater, Zitting Cisticola, Collard Dove, Blackbird, House Martin, Sand Martin, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Sardinian Warbler, House Sparrow, Common Swift, Dunlin, Little Ringed Plover, Gadwall, Mallard, White Stork, Cattle Egret, Coot, Moorhen, Crested Lark, Cettis Warbler, Red-eared Slider, European Pond Terrapin, Iberian Pond Terrapin, Spanish Festoon, Clouded Yellow, Green-striped White, Large White

Quinto do Lago: Coot, Moorhen, Purple Swamphen, Red-crested Pochard, Pochard, Shoveler, Mallard, Gadwall, Common Sandpiper, Common Snipe, Cettis Warbler, Little Bittern, Sardinian Warbler, Black-headed Weaver, Azure-winged Magpie, Magpie, White Stork, Blackbird, Collard Dove, Common Swift, House Martin, Barn Swallow, Little Tern, Cormorant, Yellow-legged Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Audouins Gull, Purple Heron, Nightingale, Great Tit, Zitting Cisticola, Cattle Egret, Hoopoe, House Sparrow, Serin, Greenfinch, Goldfinch, European Pond Terrapin, Iberian Pond Terrapin, Red-eared Slider, Emperor Dragonfly, Violet Dropwing, Iberian Bluetail Damselfly,

Silves & Portimao: Reed Warbler, Grey Wagtail, Blackbird, Moorhen, Mallard, White Stork, Grey Heron, House Sparrow, House Martin, Barn Swallow, Common Swift, Great Tit, Cormorant, Feral Pigeon, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Yellow-legged Gull, American Herring Gull, Cettis Warbler, Moorish Gecko, Iberian Pond Terrapin, Red Admiral,

Lagoa dos Salgados: Ring-necked Duck, Collard Pratincole, Black-headed Gull, Pintail, Shoveler, Marsh Harrier, Grey Wagtail, Iberian Yellow Wagtail, Glossy Ibis, Little Bittern, Great Skua, Balearic Shearwater, Razorbill, Gull-billed Tern, Sardinian Warbler, Audouins Gull, Yellow-legged Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Avocet, Black-winged Stilt, Pochard, Red Crested Pochard, Zitting Cisticola, Crested Lark, House Sparrow, Coot, Moorhen, Corn Bunting, House Martin, Barn Swallow, White Stork, Gadwall, Mallard, Blackbird, Sandwich Tern, Azure-winged Magpie, Goldfinch, Linnet, Iberian Marbled White,

Iberia: Castro Verde 10 - 14 April

Day 1 10.04.2017

In January I applied for a field position with Yoav Perlman in Spain and Portugal working with Bustards on the steppes. I was thrilled to receive the phone call that informed me that I had got the position and that I would be spending an amazing 6 weeks in an extremely good birding area.

Our first day in Spain was pretty straight forward. We arrived in Lisbon mid-afternoon and once we had picked up the car we began our journey south. This took all afternoon, but I gained a number of new birds on the trip south. Spotless Starling was the first new lifer I got, and they were extremely common throughout the region. The same can be said for Red-rumped Swallow, Zitting Cisticola and Lesser Kestrel. A single Sardinian Warbler was the only one we saw, but was a lifer.

There was an abundance of cool birds. White Storks were common, and at roadside pools there were plenty of Black-winged Stilts and Greater Flamingos. As soon as we arrived at the field station we added Stone Curlew to our growing list. I also heard my first ever Quail, a pretty cool sound, and probably something I should have heard before at some point. Crested Larks were obviously common, but their warbling calls brought back memories of Oman.

Species List:

Driving to Castro Verde: Sardinian Warbler, Zitting Cisticola, Red-rumped Swallow, Spotless Starling, Lesser Kestrel, Bee-eater, Stone-curlew, Montagu’s Harrier, Robin, Greater Flamingo, Common Buzzard, Spoonbill, Little Egret, Knot, Woodpigeon, White Stork, Feral Pigeon, Cattle Egret, Crested Lark,

Day 2 11.04.2017

Today was mainly spent around the field centre in Castro Verde park, practicing the methods we were going to use in the field. It was a lovely morning and I added a number of species to my life list. I got both Great and Little Bustards not far from the field centre, although Great Bustards were only in flight. Little Bustards could be heard all across the steppes. It must be said that their calls are probably the most unflattering bird calls I have ever heard.

We had a small flock of Black-bellied Sandgrouse fly over us at one point, which was pretty exciting. It made for a change of sandgrouse experience after those in Oman, which we only saw at water. I finally felt justified at ticking Short-toed Lark when we had a couple of singing birds, after I had avoided ticking the flyovers in Oman. Our walk also took us past a stunning Roller. It was distant and flushed as soon as we saw it. However it did perch again some distance away, a cracking looking bird. The final lifer of the day was a Serin which I had to track down in the supermarket car park. Hopefully better views of the latter will be afforded before we finish.

The novelty of Zitting Cisticolas had pretty much worn off by the end of the morning. Their calls filled the air all around us. As did the calls of Quails, Corn Buntings and another new bird for me; Calandra Lark, whose mimicry was causing all kinds of problems for my limited lark identification skills. Lesser Kestrels were still common, with two nest sites within 1km of the field centre. Woodchat Shrike, Bee-eater, Hoopoe, Great Spotted Cuckoo and Black-winged Stilt were all also present. So many awesome birds it would take for too long to elaborate on. A Spotted Redshank was a nice addition to the trip list, something worth making an added note for.

-Iberian Water Frog

Species List:

Castro Verde: Little Bustard, Great Bustard, Calandra Lark, Lesser Kestrel, Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Short-toed Lark, Red-rumped Swallow, Serin, Hoopoe, European Bee-eater, Woodchat Shrike, Crested Lark, Corn Bunting, Montagu’s Harrier,  Great-spotted Cuckoo, Coot, Great-crested Grebe, Little Ringed Plover, Gadwall, Black-winged Stilt, Spotted Redshank, Greenshank, Raven, Stone Curlew, House Sparrow, Zitting Cisticola, Skylark, Sand Martin, House Martin, Barn Swallow, Booted Eagle, Spotless Starling, Red-legged Partridge, Cattle Egret, Grey Heron, Goldfinch, White Stork, Stonechat, Carrion Crow, Magpie, Jackdaw, Rook, Greenfinch, Little Owl, Roller, Swallowtail, Small Copper, Painted Lady, Clouded Yellow, Small Heath, Common Blue, Green-striped White.

Day 3 12.04.2017

All the days follow a pretty similar format from here onwards. Survey across farmland in the morning, siesta, then an afternoon survey too. Today was the first day of surveying, and we will continue to work across Castro Verde for the next week and a half. I’ll just run through highlights and lifers to prevent the sightings from becoming tedious.

Survey work today was immediately from the centre. Much the same as the previous day, but with much better views of Little Bustards, some getting up from extremely close to my transect. Calandra Larks were still common, as were Zitting Cisticolas, the novelty of the latter is beginning to wear thing already. Today I encountered 2 Rollers on the fence, but they remained wary. A Pale-phase Booted Eagle was nice, as was a pair of Great Spotted Cuckoo. The real highlight though was a stunning male Black-eared Wheatear. A little distant but a superb looking bird to be sure!

-Little Bustard

-Great Bustard

-White Stork

Species List:

Castro Verde: Little Bustard, Great Bustard, Red Kite, Little Grebe, Coot, Montagu’s Harrier, Calandra Lark, Crested Lark, Zitting Cisticola, Corn Bunting, Red-legged Partridge, Jackdaw, Lesser Kestrel, Roller, Grey Heron, Cattle Egret, Hoopoe, Spotless Starling, House Sparrow, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, European Bee-eater, Carrion Crow, Stonechat, Booted Eagle, White Stork, Spoonbill, Great-spotted Cuckoo, Black-eared Wheatear, Mallard, Gadwall, Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Swallowtail, Green-striped White, Small Copper,

Day 4 13.04.2017

Today started with thick fog and felt unpleasantly cold. It warmed up mid-morning and as a result the birds started to appear. I actually saw my first two Quail of the trip when I almost trod on them in the fog. I lifered Spanish Sparrow as a large flock was nesting in a Eucalyptus tree, directly in a White Stork nest. Iberian Grey Shrike was the first of our trip, although it is the same species as the Southern Grey Shrike I saw in Oman. I had a great encounter with a pair of Black-eared Wheatear and a nearby Tawny Pipit. The Pipit was fairly photogenic but sadly the same could not be said for the Wheatears. The only other different birds were the first Black Kite of our trip. After only seeing distant birds in Oman it was nice to finally appreciate these birds.

-Tawny Pipit

-Lesser Kestrel

-Calandra Lark

Species List:

Castro Verde: Little Bustard, Great Bustard, Quail, Iberian Grey Shrike, Marsh Harrier, Montagu’s Harrier, Tawny Pipit, Calandra Lark, Crested Lark, Short-toed Lark, Spanish Sparrow, House Sparrow, Grey Heron, White Stork, Spoonbill, Cattle Egret, Mallard, Gadwall, Lesser Kestrel, Black Kite, Common Buzzard, Black-eared Wheatear, Corn Bunting, Stonechat, Red-legged Partridge, Zitting Cisticola, Spotless Starling, Feral Pigeon, Collard Dove, Swift, House Martin, Barn Swallow, Magpie, Carrion Crow, Hoopoe, European Bee-eater, Black-winged Stilt, Blackbird, Linnet, Goldfinch, Coot, Little Owl, Iberian Water Frog, Iberian Marbled White, Painted Lady, Green-striped White,

Friday 14.04.2017

We headed a little further west today, out of the far side of Castro Verde town. The road to my transect seemed great, until I had to pass through a farmyard with about 10 dogs. Their barking brought out the farmer, who didn’t speak a word of English. Given my extremely limited Spanish though we had a broken conversation and I was allowed past. I even got a friendly pat on the shoulder for my efforts.

Insane numbers of Great Bustards were the highlight today. At one point I had 30 all in one field of view, albeit distant. I also had my first vultures of the trip; Griffons made up the majority but a couple of Black Vultures could be picked out from the soaring flock. I got good flight views of Black-bellied Sandgrouse, my best yet, as well as more Roller and Quail. A Pale-phase Booted Eagle was also nice. The highlight beyond doubt was finally an approachable male Black-eared Wheatear. Still not ideal but much improved views on the last two birds! In our afternoon transect I saw my first Azure-winged Magpies, plus my first Bonelli’s Eagle of the trip. Iberian Grey and Woodchat Shrike were both more common during the afternoon transect.

-Griffon Vulture

-Black-bellied Sandgrouse

-Great Bustard

-Black-eared Wheatear 

-Eurasian Black Vulture

-Cattle Egret

-Spotless Starling

-Spanish Sparrow

Species List:

Castro Verde:

Roller, Lesser Kestrel, Black Kite, Booted Eagle, Griffon Vulture, Red Kite, Montagu’s Harrier, White Stork, Grey Heron, Cattle Egret, Quail, Gadwall, Mallard, Coot, Great Bustard, Little Bustard, Hoopoe, European Bee-eater, Swift, Feral Pigeon, Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Zitting Cisticola, Calandra Lark, Crested Lark, Short-toed Lark, Stonechat, Corn Bunting, Black-eared Wheatear, House Martin, Barn Swallow, Carrion Crow, Azure-winged Magpie, Spanish Sparrow, House Sparrow, Raven, Peregrine, Red-legged Partridge, Little Owl, Bonelli’s Eagle, Spotless Starling, Red-rumped Swallow, Spoonbill, Collard Dove, Iberian Hare, European Rabbit, Painted Lady, Small Copper, Common Blue, Clouded Yellow, Green-striped White,